FACULTADES, ESCUELAS Y POSGRADO
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- Effects of inflationary wage increases on jobs in the Mexican labor marketJimenez Bandala, Carlos Alberto, Andrade Rosas, Luis Antonio, Perez Juarez, Nayeli (2022-12)In the international context of the largest increase in inflation in the last 40 years, the recommendations of neoclassical economics continue to be aimed at reducing demand through restrictive monetary policies and therefore oppose higher-inflation wage increases. However, this average causes serious losses in the purchasing power of families and therefore a substantial increase in working poverty. In this article we demonstrate, through a panel model, that increases in the salary level did not negatively affect formal jobs in Mexico from 1997 to 2022, quite the contrary, there is a positive and statistically significant effect. Therefore, it is concluded that it is advisable to carry out policies that promote an inflationary salary increase that avoids the degradation of the living conditions of the working class.
- Efectos del aumento salarial inflacionario sobre los puestos de trabajo en el mercado laboral mexicanoJimenez Bandala, Carlos Alberto, Andrade Rosas, Luis Antonio, Perez Juarez, Nayeli (2022-12)En el marco de la espiral inflacionaria mundial más grande en los últimos 40 años, las recomendaciones de la economía neoclásica siguen orientadas a reducir la demanda a través de políticas monetarias restrictivas y por tanto se oponen a los aumentos salariales mayores a la inflación. No obstante, esta media provoca graves pérdidas al poder adquisitivo de las familias y por tanto un aumento sustancial de la pobreza laboral. En este artículo demostramos, mediante un modelo tipo panel, que los incrementos en el nivel salarial no afectaron de forma negativa los puestos de trabajo formal en México de 1997 a 2022, todo lo contrario, hay un efecto positivo y estadísticamente significativo. Por tanto, se concluye que es recomendable llevar a cabo políticas que fomenten un aumento salarial inflacionario que evite la degradación de las condiciones de vida de la clase trabajadora.
- Determination of the minimum wage for 2022 based on the unemployment rate and its comparison with inflationary conditionsAndrade Rosas, Luis Antonio, Jiménez Bandala, Carlos Alberto, Galindo Lomelí, Perla Guadalupe, Soto Rodríguez, José Antonio (Universidad La Salle México, Facultad de Negocios, 2021-12-12)The pandemic crisis has been altering key economic variables, such as the unemployment and inflation rates. In this paper, an analysis of minimum wage projections for 2022 is conducted based on unemployment, inflation and minimum wage levels, according to INEGI. First, using the bivariate normal distribution, it is shown that the unemployment rate could reach lower rates than the 4.08% reported in July 2021; based on this, a relationship between the minimum wage level and the unemployment rate is estimated before and after this threshold. It is found that, if an increase in the level of the minimum wage could be possible by December, this would be achieved if unemployment were lower than 4.08%. In addition, the inflation and minimum wage results are shown, concluding in both scenarios that increases in the minimum wage could be expected between 20% and 28% over the 141 pesos reported at the beginning of this year.
- Determinación del salario mínimo para 2022 condicionado por el nivel de desempleo y su comparación con las condiciones inflacionariasAndrade Rosas, Luis Antonio, Jiménez Bandala, Carlos Alberto, Galindo Lomelí, Perla Guadalupe, Soto Rodríguez, José Antonio (Universidad La Salle México, Facultad de Negocios, 2021-12-12)La crisis por la pandemia alteró y está alterando variables económicas claves, como el nivel de desempleo y el nivel de inflación. En este trabajo, a partir de niveles de desempleo, de inflación y de salarios mínimos, que reporta INEGI, se hace un análisis sobre las proyecciones del salario mínimo para 2022. Primero, a través de la distribución normal bivariada, se muestra que el nivel desempleo podría alcanzar niveles más bajos de 4.08% reportados en julio 2021, con base en esto, se estima una relación entre el nivel del salario mínimo y el nivel de desempleo antes y después de este umbral. Encontrado que, si pudiera existir un aumento en el nivel del salario mínimo para diciembre, esto sería posible si el desempleo fuera menor a 4.08%. Adicional, se muestran los resultados del nivel de inflación con el salario mínimo, concluyendo en ambos escenarios que es posible aspirar a aumentos en el salario mínimo entre el 20% y 28% respecto a los 141 pesos reportados a inicios de año.
- Post-pandemic Mexican labor market outlook: asymmetric recoveryJiménez Bandala, Carlos Alberto, Andrade Rosas, Luis Antonio, Balam, Alia, Soto Rodríguez, José Antonio, Guzmán Cruz, José Emiliano (Universidad La Salle México, Facultad de Negocios, 2021-06-13)After the period of confinement to prevent the spread of the CoViD-19 virus, the reopening in the new normal poses the challenge of economic recovery, in that sense this paper analyzes the dynamics of the post-pandemic Mexican labor market through several econometric modeling including multivariate linear models and time series analysis. The main results show that the recovery of both formal and informal jobs is being faster than expected, however, it presents asymmetries that reveal the pre-existing structural uneven conditions. While the northern states would achieve this summer to reach the pre-pandemic level; the southern states would do so until the following year. At the end, intervention recommendations are proposed to reduce the gaps between north-south.
- Neoliberalism and their effects on public health services: The case of health workers facing the covid-19 pandemicPérez Juárez, Nayeli, Negreros Amaya, Gonzalo Esteban, Jiménez Bandala, Carlos Alberto (Universidad La Salle México, Facultad de Negocios, 2022-07-26)Neoliberalism weakened the public health system, and the pandemic reflected the contradictions of its neglect. The objective of the work is to analyze the relationship between the structural conditions that neoliberalism has generated in public health services and its impact on the working conditions of health personnel who treated patients infected with covid-19. The methodology used is descriptive statistics with information from primary sources through a questionnaire of 23 items for convenience and secondary sources from INEGI, WHO, OECD and ECLAC. The questionnaire was applied from December 2020 to January 2021, given the sanitary conditions, it was applied electronically, taking care of the confidentiality of the worker. The main results are: the increase in the working day from 8 to 12 hours a day, regular salary perception, which implied that employees must have a second job in 36%, the risk of work increased, 100% of the sample had an infected colleague and 83% a colleague who died, in terms of health protection, 40% considered it insufficient, 98.4% of the sample has high stress, which deteriorates the worker's living conditions. The implications are serious for the country and for workers who work in adverse conditions, the needs of the sector must be met immediately, increasing the budget for infrastructure and promoting the specialization of workers.
- Neoliberalismo y sus efectos en los servicios de salud pública: el caso de los trabajadores de la salud que enfrentan la pandemia de la covid-19Pérez Juárez, Nayeli, Negreros Amaya, Gonzalo Esteban, Jiménez Bandala, Carlos Alberto (Universidad La Salle México, Facultad de Negocios, 2022-07-26)El neoliberalismo debilitó el sistema de salud pública y la pandemia reflejó las contradicciones de su descuido. El objetivo del trabajo es analizar la relación entre las condiciones estructurales que ha generado el neoliberalismo en los servicios de salud pública y su repercusión en las condiciones de trabajo del personal sanitario que atendió a pacientes contagiados de covid-19. La metodología utilizada es de estadística descriptiva con información de fuentes primarias mediante un cuestionario de 23 reactivos por conveniencia y fuentes secundarias de INEGI, OMS, OCDE y CEPAL. El cuestionario se aplicó de diciembre de 2020 a enero de 2021, dadas las condiciones sanitarias fue de manera electrónica, cuidando la confidencialidad del trabajador. Los resultados principales son: el aumento de la jornada de trabajo de 8 a 12 horas diarias, percepción salarial regular, lo que implicó que los empleados deban tener un segundo trabajo en 36%, el riesgo de trabajo aumentó, el 100% de la muestra tuvo un compañero contagiado y el 83% un colega que falleció, en materia de protección sanitaria el 40% lo consideró insuficiente, el 98.4% de la muestra tiene un estrés alto, que deteriora las condiciones de vida del trabajador. Las implicaciones son graves para el país y para los trabadores que laboran en condiciones adversas, se deberá atender de manera inmediata las necesidades del sector, aumentando el presupuesto para infraestructura y fomento a la especialización de trabajadores.
- The labor market situation in Mexico before and during COVID-19Jiménez Bandala, Carlos Alberto, Peralta, José Daniel, Sánchez, Enrique, Márquez Olvera, Ian, Arellano Aceves, Diana (Universidad La Salle México, Facultad de Negocios, 2020)Labor market indicators showed significant improvements during 2018 and 2019, in particular, the employed population without benefits presented its lowest level in 15 years, which represents a decline in labor precariousness. Unemployment decreased during March to 3.3%, the same as labor informality to 55.8%. The real minimum wage had its greatest recovery since 1976 and reached the purchasing power equivalent to that of 1991. The above data reflect that before the economic paralysis derived from the health contingency, the labor market had satisfactory results. During the pandemic, it can be observed that the reduction of mobility in workplaces had positive results in reducing the rate of infection. However, the entities that reduced mobility to a lesser extent have higher levels of labor informality. Based on different models, it is possible to indicate that labor precariousness is a structural cause for facilitating the spread of COVID-19. Without containment measures, it is estimated that 725 thousand jobs will be lost between April and May
- Welfare basket 2020, background, comparison and methodological proposalMárquez Olvera, Ian, Arellano Aceves, Diana, Jiménez Bandala, Carlos Alberto, Meneses Ruiz, Dulce Maria (Universidad La Salle México, Facultad de Negocios, 2020)Since of 2019, the International Observatory of Living Wages began the construction of a "Wellbeing Basket" as the set of goods and services to which an individual must have access with their purchasing power for their personal development and that of their family. In this sense, this paper aims to update the cost of the 2019 basket while making some important methodological clarifications that allow longitudinal monitoring of the selected products. The purpose is not to lose sight of the enormous gap that exists between the cost of the welfare basket and the minimum wage to promote the continuation of the wage recovery policies that the President of the Republic began in 2018. It is highlighted that by 2020 the cost of the basket had a marginal advance, even below general inflation, which reflects an advance in the purchasing power of wages and national price stability
- Results of the study to propose the amount of the increase to the minimum wage for 2021 and its repercussionsJiménez Bandala, Carlos Alberto, Arellano Aceves, Diana, Márquez Olvera, Ian, Andrade Rosas, Luis Antonio, Guadarrama Muñoz, Alma Cossette, Peralta, José Daniel, Sánchez, Enrique, Matus, Edgar Manuel (Universidad La Salle México, Facultad de Negocios, 2020)In 2019 and 2020, the increases to the Minimum Wage had a positive impact on the fall in Labor Poverty and reduced the wage gap that had existed since 1976; In this sense, this work aims to carry out a projection of a proposal to increase the minimum wage for 2021 in Mexico without affecting the variables inflation and employment. Using a data panel and a multivariate regression model, it is shown that the increase could be in a nominal range of 19 to 23% to reach an amount of between $ 146.63 to $ 151.56, in addition to showing that the salary increases had positive repercussions in the face of the CoViD-19 pandemic.